Workout clothing and activewear are prized for their comfort, stretch, durability, moisture-wicking and quick-drying properties, but these garments also contribute to the growing prevalence of microplastics in our water supply, ecosystems and bodies. One problem is the synthetic nature of gym attire. Fabrics like polyester, nylon, acrylic and spandex are non-biodegradable, fossil fuel-dependent and shed a significant number of microfibers during manufacturing, wearing and washing. A 2019 study published in Scientific Reports estimated that 640,000 to 1,500,000 microfibers were released during each washing machine cycle, depending on the type of garment.

 

Small but Pervasive

Microfibers, a common type of microplastic, are tiny plastic particles smaller than five millimeters, while nanoplastics measure from one to 1,000 nanometers. They are released into the environment whenever larger pieces of plastic break down, and they end up virtually everywhere, from the ocean depths to the air we breathe. Once in waterways, these minuscule particles are mistaken for food by aquatic life, harming marine species and ultimately entering the food chain that reaches our plates.

Research has revealed that nano and microplastics (NMPs) infiltrate human tissue, including the lungs, placenta and blood. They also build up in the body. A study published in Environmental Science & Technology estimates that by age 18, individuals have an average of 8,300 microplastic particles in their tissues, and by age 70, this accumulation surpasses 50,000 particles.

An increasing body of research suggests a link between plastic exposure and human health conditions. A review of data published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences presented evidence that NMPs accumulate first in the gastrointestinal tract and later in other tissues, including the brain. A number of effects have been demonstrated, including alterations to the balance of gut microbiota, intestinal barrier permeability (leaky gut), oxidative stress, inflammation, neurotoxicity and behavioral disturbances. A 2023 study published in Frontiers in Endocrinology reported toxic effects by NMPs on the endocrine system.

 

Eco-Friendly Fabrics

In response to the growing concern about NMPs and microfiber shedding, several activewear and textile brands are pioneering eco-friendly materials that do not compromise on performance. Here are a few examples.

 •   Organic cotton is breathable, soft and biodegradable. While it may not wick away perspiration as effectively as polyester, advancements in cotton blends have enhanced their suitability for active lifestyles.

•   Lyocell, derived from sustainably harvested hardwood pulp, is a soft, hypoallergenic, lightweight, breathable, moisture-wicking and biodegradable semi-synthetic fiber used in a number of different textiles.

•   Recycled polyester uses post-consumer plastics like water bottles to create fabrics. Although it still sheds microplastics, this option reduces virgin plastic production.

•   Bamboo fabric is naturally antibacterial, moisture-wicking and biodegradable. Look for manufacturers that follow sustainable production practices.

•   Merino wool offers breathability, temperature regulation and odor resistance, making it an excellent natural alternative for workout gear.

 

Minimizing Microfiber Shedding

 When laundering synthetic activewear, follow these simple steps to reduce microplastic release.

 •   Wash less frequently. Instead of washing sweaty clothes after every workout, allow them to air-dry and reuse them once in a while.

•   Wash on low heat. High temperatures weaken synthetic fibers, causing them to release more microfibers. Opt for cold- or low-temperature washes.

•   Use a short, gentle cycle. With less agitation, fabrics tend to remain intact, reducing microfiber shedding and extending the life of the garment.

•   Skip the tumble dryer. Hanging clothes to air-dry will significantly reduce fiber shedding.

•   Place synthetic garments in a microfiber filter bag. During the laundry cycle, these bags will capture microfibers, preventing them from washing down the drain.

•   Install a microfiber filter for the washing machine. This will eliminate the need to presort the laundry, while stopping microfibers from flowing out with the water.

•   Use a microfiber laundry ball: These innovative laundry balls will reduce the number of loosened microfibers entering waterways.

 

Our bodies deserve health; our planet deserves care; and our communities deserve to thrive. When shopping and caring for activewear, consider its impact beyond the gym.

 

Tom Whittle is the national publishing manager of Natural Awakenings magazine.

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